Topical and Intralesional Therapies for Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Literature Review. / [Artículo traducido] Tratamientos tópicos e intralesionales en hidradenitis supurativa. Una revisión sistemática de la literatura.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Topical and intralesional (IL) treatments may be considered the first-line therapy in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS); however, the evidence supporting their use is limited. The aim of our review is to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of topical and IL treatments in patients with HS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We designed a systematic review of the current medical literature available following the PICO(T) method. And including all types of studies (Study type [T]) of individuals with HS of any sex, age, and ethnicity (Population [P]) who received any topical or IL treatment for HS (Intervention [I]) compared to placebo, other treatments, or no treatment at all (Comparator [C]), and reported efficacy and/or safety outcomes (Outcomes [O]). Two outcomes were defined: quality of life and the no. of patients with, at least, one adverse event. The search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and Embase databases; study selection was performed based on pre-defined criteria. The risk of bias was determined in each study. RESULTS: We obtained a total of 11,363 references, 31 of which met the inclusion criteria. These studies included 1143 patients with HS, 62% of whom were women. A total of 10, 8, 6, 2, and 5 studies, respectively, evaluated the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT), glucocorticoids, resorcinol, topical antibiotics, and other interventions. Most articles were case series (n=25), with only five randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and one cohort study. RCTs showed improvement in disease activity with topical clindamycin and botulinum toxin (BTX) vs placebo, and PDT with methylene blue (MB) niosomal vs free MB; however, intralesional triamcinolone acetonide was not superior to placebo. The risk of bias was low in three RCTs and high in two RCTs. CONCLUSION: The quality of evidence supporting the use of topical, or IL treatments is low. However, it supports the use of topical clindamycin, PDT, and BTX. Well-designed RCTs with standardized outcomes and homogeneous populations of patients and lesions are needed to support decision-making in the routine clinical practice.

¿qué investigamos cuando estudiamos la violencia en redes sociales en colombia? una revisión sistemática de la literatura

Con el incremento en el acceso y uso de las redes sociales en Colombia, es de esperar que prácticas y discursos violentos se trasladen a estos espacios digitales. Sin duda, hoy en día las redes sociales son parte de los ecosistemas de información y comunicación de los colombianos en los que las culturas de violencia y paz se expanden y transforman. En este contexto, es esencial explorar las formas en las que investigamos la violencia en redes sociales, ya que entender este fenómeno permite responder mejor a las necesidades y experiencias de las comunidades del país. Este artículo busca explorar cómo se ha estudiado la violencia en las redes sociales en Colombia mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Resultados muestran un complejo trayecto de investigación en el país que comprende variados objetivos, como entender las diferentes formas en las que la violencia es ejercida a través de redes sociales o sobre cómo nos permite conocer más contextos de violencia. Igualmente, los resultados muestran que las investigaciones están principalmente enfocadas en dos plataformas: Facebook y Twitter. Finalmente, se encontró que los artículos están principalmente orientados a investigar tres tipos de violencias: violencia de género, violencia relacionada con conflicto armado y violencia escolar. Los hallazgos de esta revisión sistemática de la literatura permiten, por un lado, valorar previos estudios que han demostrado el complejo panorama de la violencia mediática en el país y, por otro lado, descubrir posibles vacíos en la literatura que podrían ser respondidos por investigadoras e investigadores en el futuro.

With the increase in the access and use of social media platforms in Colombia, it is expected that violent practices and discourses transfer to these digital spaces. Certainly, today's social media are part of the information and communication ecosystems of Colombians, where cultures of violence expand and transform. In this context, it is essential to explore the ways in which we examine and research social media violence, since understanding this phenomenon allows us to strengthen a culture of peace that better responds to the needs and experiences of the country's communities. Thus, this article seeks to explore how social media violence has been studied in Colombia, through a systematic literature review. Results show a complex trajectory of research in the country that includes various objectives, such as understanding the different ways in which violence is exercised through social media, or how it allows us to learn more about contexts of violence. Likewise, the results show that research is mainly focused on two platforms: Facebook and Twitter. Finally, the articles were found to be mainly focused on three types of violence: gender-based violence, violence related to armed conflict, and school violence. Overall, findings of this systematic literature review allow, on the one hand, to assess previous studies that have demonstrated the complex landscape of social media violence in the country, and, on the other hand, to discover possible gaps in the literature that could be addressed by researchers in the future.

Topical and Intralesional Therapies for Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Literature Review.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Topical and intralesional (IL) treatments may be considered the first-line therapy in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS); however, the evidence supporting their use is limited. The aim of our review is to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of topical and IL treatments in patients with HS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We designed a systematic review of the current medical literature available following the PICO(T) method. And including all types of studies (Study type [T]) of individuals with HS of any sex, age, and ethnicity (Population [P]) who received any topical or IL treatment for HS (Intervention [I]) compared to placebo, other treatments, or no treatment at all (Comparator [C]), and reported efficacy and/or safety outcomes (Outcomes [O]). Two outcomes were defined: quality of life and the no. of patients with, at least, one adverse event. The search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases; study selection was performed based on pre-defined criteria. The risk of bias was determined in each study. RESULTS: We obtained a total of 11,363 references, 31 of which met the inclusion criteria. These studies included 1143 patients with HS, 62% of whom were women. A total of 10, 8, 6, 2, and 5 studies, respectively, evaluated the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT), glucocorticoids, resorcinol, topical antibiotics, and other interventions. Most articles were case series (n=25), with only five randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and one cohort study. RCTs showed improvement in disease activity with topical clindamycin and botulinum toxin (BTX) vs placebo, and PDT with methylene blue (MB) niosomal vs free MB; however, intralesional triamcinolone acetonide was not superior to placebo. The risk of bias was low in three RCTs and high in two RCTs. CONCLUSION: The quality of evidence supporting the use of topical, or IL treatments is low. However, it supports the use of topical clindamycin, PDT, and BTX. Well-designed RCTs with standardized outcomes and homogeneous populations of patients and lesions are needed to support decision-making in the routine clinical practice.

Revisión sistemática y coste efectividad del tratamiento con abobotulinumtoxinA Para la espasticidad post-ictus en comparación con fisioterapia / Systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis of the treatment of post-stroke spasticity with abobotulinumtoxinA compared to physiotherapy

Objective Post-stroke spasticity (PSS) is a common complication in stroke survivors, causing severe burden to patients living with it. The aim of this review was to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of the treatment of post-stroke spasticity, in adults, with abobotulinumtoxinA compared to the best supportive care, based on results from a systematic literature review. Given that abobotulinumtoxinA (aboBoNT-A) is always accompanied by the best supportive care treatment, the CEA compared aboBoNT-A plus the best supportive care with the best supportive care alone. Methods A systematic literature review in EMBASE (including Medline and PubMed), Scopus, and other sources (Google Scholar) was conducted. Articles of all types, providing information on the costs and/or effectiveness measures for the current treatments of PSS in adults were included. The synthesis of information from the review provided the parameters for the design of a cost-effectiveness analysis of the mentioned treatment of interest. The societal perspective was compared to a perspective where only direct costs were observed. Results In total, 532 abstracts were screened. Full information was revised from 40 papers and 13 of these were selected as core papers for full data extraction. Data from the core publications formed the basis for the development of a cost-effectiveness model. In all the included papers physiotherapy was the best supportive care treatment (SoC)... (AU)

Antecedentes La espasticidad post-ictus es una enfermedad común que afecta a los adultos y causa una carga grave a los pacientes que la padecen. El objetivo de la revisión fue realizar un análisis coste-efectividad (ACE) del tratamiento de la espasticidad post-ictus, en adultos, con abobotulinumtoxinA (aboBoNT-A) en comparación con el tratamiento convencional, basado en los resultados de una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Dado que este tratamiento se proporciona siempre al mismo tiempo que el tratamiento convencional, el ACE se realizó del tratamiento aboBoNT-A con el tratamiento convencional, en comparación con recibir únicamente el tratamiento convencional. Métodos Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura en EMBASE (incluyendo Medline y Pubmed), Scopus y otras fuentes (Google Scholar). Se incluyeron artículos de todo tipo que proporcionaran información sobre los costes y/o las medidas de efectividad de los tratamientos actuales del PSS en adultos. La síntesis de la información de la revisión proporcionó los parámetros para el diseño de un análisis coste-efectividad del mencionado tratamiento de interés. Se comparó la perspectiva social con una perspectiva donde solo se observaron los costes directos del tratamiento. Resultados Se revisaron un total de 532 resúmenes. Se revisó la información completa de 40 artículos y se seleccionaron 13 artículos para la extracción completa de datos. La información de estos documentos se sintetizó y utilizó para desarrollar un modelo de coste-efectividad. En todos los artículos incluidos se identificó el tratamiento con fisioterapia como el tratamiento convencional principal... (AU)

Systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis of the treatment of post-stroke spasticity with abobotulinumtoxinA compared to physiotherapy. / [Artículo traducido] Revisión sistemática y coste-efectividad del tratamiento con abobotulinumtoxinA para la espasticidad postictus en comparación con la fisioterapia.

OBJECTIVE: Post-stroke spasticity is a common complication in stroke survivors, causing severe burden to patients living with it. The aim of this review was to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of the treatment of post-stroke spasticity, in adults, with abobotulinumtoxinA compared to the best supportive care, based on results from a systematic literature review. Given that abobotulinumtoxinA (aboBoNT-A) is always accompanied by the best supportive care treatment, the CEA compared aboBoNT-A plus the best supportive care with the best supportive care alone. METHODS: A systematic literature review in EMBASE (including Medline and PubMed), Scopus, and other sources (Google Scholar) was conducted. Articles of all types, providing information on the costs and/or effectiveness measures for the current treatments of post-stroke spasticity in adults were included. The synthesis of information from the review provided the parameters for the design of a CEA of the mentioned treatment of interest. The societal perspective was compared to a perspective where only direct costs were observed. RESULTS: In total, 532 abstracts were screened. Full information was revised from 40 papers and 13 of these were selected as core papers for full data extraction. Data from the core publications formed the basis for the development of a cost-effectiveness model. In all the included papers physiotherapy was the best supportive care treatment. The cost-effectiveness analysis showed that even in the most conservative scenario, assuming the worst case scenario, the probability of a cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained below €40,000, for aboBoNT-A together with physiotherapy is above 0.8, and with certainty below €50,000/QALY when either a direct costs, or a societal perspective was taken. On average, the probabilistic model obtains a negative mean incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of around -15,000 €/QALY. CONCLUSION: The cost-effectiveness analyses show that aboBoNT-A together with physiotherapy would be a cost-effective treatment compared with physiotherapy alone, independently of the perspective considered.

Systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis of the treatment of post-stroke spasticity with abobotulinumtoxinA compared to physiotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: Post-stroke spasticity (PSS) is a common complication in stroke survivors, causing severe burden to patients living with it. The aim of this review was to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of the treatment of post-stroke spasticity, in adults, with abobotulinumtoxinA compared to the best supportive care, based on results from a systematic literature review. Given that abobotulinumtoxinA (aboBoNT-A) is always accompanied by the best supportive care treatment, the CEA compared aboBoNT-A plus the best supportive care with the best supportive care alone. METHODS: A systematic literature review in EMBASE (including Medline and PubMed), Scopus, and other sources (Google Scholar) was conducted. Articles of all types, providing information on the costs and/or effectiveness measures for the current treatments of PSS in adults were included. The synthesis of information from the review provided the parameters for the design of a cost-effectiveness analysis of the mentioned treatment of interest. The societal perspective was compared to a perspective where only direct costs were observed. RESULTS: In total, 532 abstracts were screened. Full information was revised from 40 papers and 13 of these were selected as core papers for full data extraction. Data from the core publications formed the basis for the development of a cost-effectiveness model. In all the included papers physiotherapy was the best supportive care treatment (SoC). The cost-effectiveness analysis showed that even in the most conservative scenario, assuming the worst case scenario, the probability of a cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained below €40,000, for aboBoNT-A together with physiotherapy is above 0.8, and with certainty below €50,000/QALY when either a direct costs, or a societal perspective was taken. On average, the probabilistic model obtains a negative mean incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of around -15,000 €/QALY. CONCLUSION: The cost-effectiveness analyses show that aboBoNT-A together with physiotherapy would be a cost-effective treatment compared with physiotherapy alone, independently of the perspective considered.

Los costes indirectos de la cefalea tensional. Una revisión sistemática de la literatura / The indirect costs of tension type headache. A systematic literature review

Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar sistemáticamente la literatura publicada con relación a los costes indirectos estimados asociados al TTH.DiseñoEsta revisión sistemática siguió la declaración de elementos de informes preferidos para revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis (PRISMA).Fuentes de datosLa revisión se realizó en dos bases de datos principales, PubMed y EconLit, y fue completada con la búsqueda de literatura gris.Selección de estudiosEl criterio básico para la inclusión de estudios fue que presentaran al menos una medida de costes indirectos específicos del TTH.Extracción de datosSe seleccionaron finalmente 12 estudios para la extracción de la información. De todos los artículos seleccionados se sintetizaron las características del diseño del estudio, los tipos de coste incluidos, así como el instrumento de medida, y los resultados principales.ResultadosLa búsqueda arrojó en total 568 estudios. Se encontró heterogeneidad en los diseños y muestras/poblaciones de los estudios incluidos. Sólo dos estudios estimaron costes directos e indirectos para el TTH. Entre los resultados más destacables, encontramos un impacto moderado estimado de la discapacidad por TTH (entre 0,037 y 0,15 por persona, 0,06-0,09% para la población). Las pérdidas de productividad y eficiencia se observaron y fueron muy heterogéneas. La disposición a pagar por un tratamiento efectivo oscilaría entre $1,32 y $9,20 mensuales. La calidad de vida es baja, entre 28,2 y 28,4 puntos sobre 100, y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, parece mejorar significativamente con un tratamiento.ConclusionesA pesar de la elevada heterogeneidad de los resultados, podemos concluir que la cefalea tensional se caracteriza por un impacto moderado en la discapacidad, en la productividad y eficiencia en el trabajo o la escuela, y en la calidad de vida de quien la sufre.

Objective: The objective of this work was to systematically review the published literature in relation to the estimated indirect costs associated with TTH.DesignThis systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items Statement for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyzes (PRISMA).Data sourcesThe review was performed in two main databases, PubMed and EconLit, and was completed with the gray literature search.Study selectionThe basic criterion for the inclusion of studies was that they present at least one measure of indirect costs specific to TTH.Data extraction12 studies were finally selected for information extraction. Of all the selected articles, the characteristics of the study design, the types of costs included, as well as the measurement instrument, and the main results were synthesized.ResultsThe search yielded a total of 568 studies. Heterogeneity was found in the designs and samples/populations of the included studies. Only two studies estimated direct and indirect costs for TTH. Among the most notable results, we find an estimated moderate impact of disability due to TTH (between 0.037 and 0.15 per person, 0.06–0.09% for the population). Productivity and efficiency losses were observed and were very heterogeneous. The willingness to pay for effective treatment would range from $1.32 to $9.20 per month. Quality of life is low, between 28.2 and 28.4 points out of 100, and health-related quality of life seems to improve significantly with treatment.ConclusionsDespite the high heterogeneity of the results, we can conclude that tension headache is characterized by a moderate impact on disability, on productivity and efficiency at work or school, and on the quality of life of those who suffer it.

[The indirect costs of tension type headache. A systematic literature review]. / Los costes indirectos de la cefalea tensional. Una revisión sistemática de la literatura.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work was to systematically review the published literature in relation to the estimated indirect costs associated with TTH. DESIGN: This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items Statement for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyzes (PRISMA). DATA SOURCES: The review was performed in two main databases, PubMed and EconLit, and was completed with the gray literature search. STUDY SELECTION: The basic criterion for the inclusion of studies was that they present at least one measure of indirect costs specific to TTH. DATA EXTRACTION: 12 studies were finally selected for information extraction. Of all the selected articles, the characteristics of the study design, the types of costs included, as well as the measurement instrument, and the main results were synthesized. RESULTS: The search yielded a total of 568 studies. Heterogeneity was found in the designs and samples/populations of the included studies. Only two studies estimated direct and indirect costs for TTH. Among the most notable results, we find an estimated moderate impact of disability due to TTH (between 0.037 and 0.15 per person, 0.06-0.09% for the population). Productivity and efficiency losses were observed and were very heterogeneous. The willingness to pay for effective treatment would range from $1.32 to $9.20 per month. Quality of life is low, between 28.2 and 28.4 points out of 100, and health-related quality of life seems to improve significantly with treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the high heterogeneity of the results, we can conclude that tension headache is characterized by a moderate impact on disability, on productivity and efficiency at work or school, and on the quality of life of those who suffer it.

A psicologia chega ao campo: revisão sistemática de contextos rurais latino-americanos / Psychology in the countryside: a systematic review of latin american rural contexts / La psicología llega al campo: revisión sistemática sobre contextos rurales latinoamericanos

Resumo O presente artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre a inserção da psicologia em contextos rurais na América Latina, considerando seu caráter de ciência e profissão e o fato de ter sido desenvolvida eminentemente em torno de fenômenos verificados em contextos urbanos. Foi realizada busca nas bases de dados PubMed, PsycINFO, Redalyc, Scielo, PePSic e LILACS, com os descritores: "Psicologia", "Zona rural" e "População Rural", nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português. A revisão sistemática foi conduzida de acordo com os passos indicados pelo Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A amostra final conteve 93 estudos empíricos publicados entre 1996 e 2017. A análise considerou as categorias: Temas Centrais das Pesquisas, População Estudada e Enfoque Teórico Predominante. Quanto às áreas de conhecimento principais, houve uma maior concentração de pesquisas com referencial predominante da Psicologia Social (43,0%), seguido da Psicologia Escolar/Educacional (12,9%) e da Psicologia da Saúde (9,7%). Os resultados apontam que a inserção e o estudo da Psicologia em contextos rurais são recentes e se encontram em desenvolvimento, com relativa heterogeneidade de temas e referenciais teóricos, o que a caracteriza como um campo em construção, visto o movimento de consolidação de produções mais recentes no campo da Psicologia Social Comunitária. As perspectivas de avanço na área dependem da construção de uma psicologia mais historicizada e comprometida com um projeto ético-político.(AU)

Abstract This paper aims to present the results of a systematic literature review on the work of psychology in Latin American rural contexts, considering its traditional scientific and professional focus on urban contexts. Based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), a search was conducted in the databases PubMed, PsycINFO, Redalyc, Scielo, PePSic, and LILACS for the keywords "Psychology," Rural Zones," and "Rural Population" in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. The final sample consisted of 93 empirical papers published between 1996 and 2017, analyzed based on the main research domains, studied population, and predominant theoretical approach. Most studies referred to Social Psychology (43,0%), followed by Educational Psychology (12,9%) and Health Psychology (9,7%). The results suggest that psychology insertion within rural contexts is recent and in progress. Studies on the field exhibit certain heterogeneity as to themes and theoretical frameworks, with more recent publications in Social Communitarian Psychology. The perspectives of advance in this field depends on the construction of a more historicized psychology, committed to an ethical-political project.(AU)

Resumen El presente artículo tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre la inserción de la psicología en contextos rurales en Latinoamérica, considerando su carácter de ciencia y profesión y el hecho de que se desarrolla principalmente sobre los fenómenos producidos en contextos urbanos. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, PsycINFO, Redalyc, SciELO, PePSic y LILACS, utilizando los descriptores "Psicología", "Zona Rural" y "Población Rural" en los idiomas inglés, español y portugués. La revisión sistemática siguió los pasos sugeridos por el Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). La muestra final se compuso de 93 estudios empíricos publicados entre los años de 1996 y de 2017. El análisis consideró las categorías: Temas Centrales de Investigación, Población Estudiada y Enfoque Teórico. Respecto de las principales áreas de conocimiento, hubo una mayor concentración con referenciales sobre la Psicología Social (43,0%), seguido de la Psicología Escolar/Educacional (12,9%) y la Psicología de la Salud (9,7%). Los resultados demuestran que la inserción y el estudio de la psicología en contextos rurales son recientes y están aún en constante desarrollo, con heterogeneidad de temas y referenciales teóricos, lo que caracteriza un movimiento de consolidación más reciente en el campo de la Psicología Social Comunitaria. Las perspectivas de avances en el área dependen de la construcción de una psicología más historicizada y comprometida con un proyecto ético-político de enfrentamiento de las desigualdades sociales.(AU)

Stakeholder influence and local government performance: a systematic literature review / Influencias de los stakeholders y desempeño de lo gobierno local: una revisión sistemática de la literatura / Influências dos stakeholders e desempenho do governo local: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

Abstract Although stakeholder theory has been on the academic agenda for more than 30 years, empirical evidence is still scant about stakeholders' influence as determinant factors of local governments' performance. Evidence from 82 empirical studies on stakeholder influence as a source of local government effectiveness is assessed in this article. The choice of studies was based in a systematic literature review, encompassing articles published in the period from 2007 to 2017 in which stakeholder influences are considered determinant factors of local government performance. This research contributes to this field of knowledge by synthesizing the pertinent publications and pointing out an agenda for future studies.

Resumen Si bien la teoría de los stakeholders ha estado en la agenda académica desde hace más de 30 años, las evidencias empíricas son escasas acerca de la influencia de los stakeholders como factores determinantes del desempeño de los gobiernos locales. Las evidencias de 82 estudios empíricos sobre las influencias de los stakeholders como fuentes de la efectividad del gobierno local se evalúan aquí. La elección de los documentos se basó en una revisión sistemática de la literatura, que abarca artículos publicados en el período de 2007 a 2017 en los que las influencias de los stakeholders se consideran factores determinantes del desempeño del gobierno local. Este trabajo contribuye a este campo de conocimiento sintetizando las publicaciones pertinentes y señalando una agenda para futuros estudios.

Resumo Embora a teoria dos stakeholders esteja na agenda acadêmica nos últimos 30 anos, até o momento, existe pouca evidência sobre influência de stakeholders como fator determinante do desempenho de governos locais. A investigação examina os fatores determinantes do desempenho de governos locais através de artigos publicados em periódicos ranqueados no Journal of Citation Report. A escolha dos artigos foi embasada em revisão sistemática de literatura em publicações do período de 2007 a 2017 nas quais influências de stakeholders tenha sido usada como variável explanatória de desempenho de governos locais. Este artigo contribui para o campo de conhecimento sintetizando as publicações mais relevantes, apontando lacunas na literatura e propondo uma agenda para estudos futuros.

Modelo de aprendizaje organizacional: integración de las perspectivas de investigación / Organizational learning model: research perspectives integration / Modelo de aprendizagem organizacional: integração de perspectivas de pesquisa

Resumen Este trabajo presenta la construcción de un modelo de aprendizaje organizacional que integra tres perspectivas de investigación: conductual, cognitiva y social. Mediante la combinación de los procesos de adquisición, generación y distribución del conocimiento por parte de los miembros de la organización, los cambios en las rutinas debido a estos procesos y las condiciones socio-culturales que los facilitan. Para la conceptualización del modelo se utilizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura y para la formulación se plantearon las relaciones causales entre las principales variables explicativas del aprendizaje organización, bajo un enfoque sistémico, utilizando la metodología de modelamiento enriquecida de la dinámica de sistemas. Este nuevo constructo promete ser más integral que los constructos presentados hasta el momento en la literatura, logrando este alcance al incorporar las tres perspectivas teóricas sobre el aprendizaje organizacional. Para los profesionales, el modelo podría ser la base de una herramienta para el análisis de la capacidad de aprendizaje de las organizaciones.

Abstract This work presents the construction of an organizational learning model that integrates three research perspectives: behavioral, cognitive and social. By combining the processes of acquisition, generation and distribution of knowledge by members of the organization, the changes in the routines due to these processes and the sociocultural conditions that facilitate them. For the conceptualization of the model, a systematic literature review as used and for the formulation the causal relationships between the main explanatory variables of organizational learning were raised, under a systemic approach, using the enriched modeling methodology of the systems dynamics. This new construct promises to be more integral than the previous constructs, achieving this scope by incorporating the three theoretical perspectives on organizational learning. For professionals, the model could be the basis of a tool for analyzing the learning capacity of organizations.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta a construção de um modelo de aprendizagem organizacional que integra três perspectivas de pesquisa: comportamental, cognitiva e social. Combinando os processos de aquisição, geração e distribuição de conhecimento por membros da organização, as mudanças nas rotinas devidas a esses processos e as condições socioculturais que os facilitam. Para a conceptualização do modelo, foi utilizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura e, para a formulação, as relações causais entre as principai s variáveis explicativas da aprendizagem organizacional foram levantadas, sob uma abordagem sistêmica, utilizando a metodologia de modelagem enriquecida da dinâmica dos sistemas. Esta nova construção promete ser mais abrangente do que as construções apresentadas atê agora na literatura, alcançando esse escopo incorporando as três perspectivas teóricas sobre aprendizagem organizacional. Para os profissionais, o modelo poderia ser a base de uma ferramenta para analisar a capacidade de aprendizagem das organizações.

Efficacy and Safety of Combined Therapy With Synthetic Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Systematic Literature Review. / Eficacia y seguridad de la terapia combinada con fármacos modificadores de la enfermedad sintéticos en la artritis reumatoide: revisión sistemática de la literatura.

OBJECTIVE: 1) To systematically and critically review the evidence of combined therapy with synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA); 2) To design practical recommendations on their use. METHODS: A systematic literature review (SLR) was performed with a sensitive bibliographic search strategy in Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane Library. We selected randomized clinical trials that analyzed the efficacy and/or safety of 1) combined therapy of synthetic compared with sequential therapy of synthetic DMARD in early RA; and 2) combination of methotrexate+leflunomide or triple therapy with synthetic DMARD in established RA refractory to synthetic DMARD. Two reviewers made the first selection by title and abstract and 11 performed the selection after detailed review of the articles and data collection. The quality of the studies was evaluated with the Jadad scale. Based on the results, related recommendations were agreed upon in a nominal group meeting. RESULTS: Ultimately, no articles were included in the SLR. The analysis of the reviewed articles demonstrated the effectiveness of the treatment with synthetic DMARD following a "treat to target" strategy in early RA patients, and of combination therapy of synthetic DMARD in established RA refractory to synthetic DMARD. This resulted in 6 recommendations concerning combination therapy with synthetic DMARD. CONCLUSIONS: These recommendations aim to facilitate decision-making with the use of combined therapy with DMARD in RA.

Efficacy and safety of glucocorticoids in rheumatoid arthritis: Systematic literature review. / Eficacia y seguridad de los glucocorticoides en la artritis reumatoide: revisión sistemática de la literatura.

OBJECTIVES: 1) To systematically and critically review the evidence on the characteristics, efficacy and safety of glucocorticoids (CS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA); 2) to generate practical recommendations. METHODS: A systematic literature review was performed through a sensitive bibliographic search strategy in Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library. We selected randomized clinical trials that analyzed the efficacy and/or safety of CS in patients with RA. Two reviewers performed the first selection by title and abstract. Then 10 reviewers selected the studies after a detailed review of the articles and data collection. The quality of the studies was evaluated with the Jadad scale. In a nominal group meeting, based on the results of the systematic literature review, related recommendations were reached by consensus. RESULTS: A total of 47 articles were finally included. CS in combination with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs help control disease activity and inhibit radiographic progression, especially in the short-to-medium term and in early RA. CS can also improve function and relieve pain. Different types and routes of administration are effective, but there is no standardized scheme (initial dose, tapering and duration of treatment) that is superior to others. Adverse events when using CS are very frequent and are dose-dependent and variable severity, although most are mild. Seven recommendations were generated on the use and risk management of CS. CONCLUSIONS: These recommendations aim to resolve some common clinical questions and aid in decision-making for CS use in RA.

Retirement Well-Being: A Systematic Review of the Literature / Bem-Estar na Aposentadoria: Uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura / Bienestar en la Jubilación: Una Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura

Abstract The objective of this systematic literature review was to investigate the variables that would improve well-being in retirement by analyzing relevant empirical studies. In the literature search, six keywords (retirement, positive psychology, well-being, satisfaction, happiness and quality of life) were used in six international academic portals. This search identified 403 articles, and those meeting the pre-established inclusion criteria were extracted. The 55 articles selected were analyzed based on nine categories: language, year, journal, country, objective, dependent variable, instruments, independent variables and results. The studies had a longitudinal, transversal design or reported on instrument creation and validation. The literature review pointed out a large number of variables, confirming the multidimensionality of the constructs. Aspects highlighted include health, economic situation, gender, marital status, interpersonal relationships, whether retirement was voluntary, retirement duration and leisure activities. A compilation of variables and an agenda for future studies are proposed based on the results of this review.

Resumo O objetivo desta revisão sistemática de literatura foi investigar as variáveis que provocariam bem-estar na aposentadoria, analisando estudos empíricos relacionados ao tema. Na busca, foram utilizadas seis palavras-chave (retirement, positive psychology, well-being, satisfaction, happiness e quality of life) em seis portais acadêmicos internacionais, emergindo 403 artigos, sendo extraídos os que atendiam aos critérios de inclusão pré-estabelecidos. Os 55 artigos selecionados foram analisados com base em nove categorias: idioma, ano, revista, país, objetivo, variável dependente, instrumentos, variáveis independentes e resultados. Os estudos tinham caráter longitudinal, transversal ou criação e validação de instrumentos. A revisão de literatura apontou um grande número de variáveis, confirmando a multidimensionalidade dos constructos. Os seguintes aspectos se destacaram: saúde, situação econômica, gênero, status conjugal, relacionamentos interpessoais, voluntariedade da aposentadoria, tempo de aposentadoria e atividades de lazer. Uma compilação de variáveis e uma agenda de estudos futuros foram propostas, baseando-se nos resultados desta revisão.

Resumen El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática de la literatura fue investigar las variables que causan bienestar en la jubilación, analizando los estudios empíricos relacionados con el tema. En la búsqueda, se utilizaron seis palabras clave (jubilación, psicología positiva, bienestar, satisfacción y calidad de vida) en seis portales académicos internacionales, con 403 artículos emergentes, con los criterios de inclusión preestablecidos. Los 55 artículos seleccionados se analizaron en base a nueve categorías: idioma, año, revista, país, objetivo, variable dependiente, instrumentos, variables independientes y resultados. Los estudios fueron de carácter longitudinal, transversal o de creación y validación de instrumentos. La revisión bibliográfica señaló un gran número de variables, lo que confirma la multidimensionalidad de los constructos. Algunos aspectos fueron destacados: salud, situación económica, género, estado civil, relaciones interpersonales, voluntariado en la jubilación, tiempo de jubilación y actividades de ocio. Se propuso una compilación de variables y una agenda para estudios futuros sobre la base de los resultados de esta revisión.

Observational studies with type 2 diabetes mellitus treatments in Spain: A systematic literature review.

The aim of this systematic literature review (SLR) was to provide an overview of the Spanish research landscape of observational studies conducted with antidiabetic drugs in T2DM patients, published in the last five years, with special focus on the objectives, methodology and main research areas. Twenty-two articles, corresponding to 20 studies, were included in the analysis. Around 82% of the studies employed a longitudinal study design, collected data retrospectively (72.7%), and were based on secondary data use (63.6%). Pharmacotherapeutical groups most frequently studied were insulin (31.8%) and DPP4i (13.6%). Analytic design was employed most in the studies (68.2%), followed by descriptive analysis (22.7%). In the top five of the most studied variables are those related to effectiveness assessed according to glycaemic control (91%), treatment patterns (82%), safety (hypoglycaemia) (59%), the identification of effectiveness predictive factors (45%) and effectiveness according to other control measures such as anthropometric control or cardiovascular risk factors (36%).

Revisão sistemática dos instrumentos de avaliação cognitiva de autores de agressão sexual contra criança e adolescente (AASCA) / Systematic review of the instruments of cognitive evaluation from authors of sexual aggression against children and adolescents (AASCA) / Revisión sistemática de los instrumentos de evaluación cognitiva de autores de agresión sexual contra niños y adolescentes (AASCA) / Revue systématique des instruments d'évaluation cognitive des auteurs d'agression sexuelle contre enfants et adolescents (AASCA)

O objetivo desta revisão foi identificar e descrever as medidas psicométricas de instrumentos de avaliação cognitiva de autores de agressão sexual contra criança e adolescente, cientificamente validados, encontrados em estudos que investigaram inteligência, empatia e distorção cognitiva, na literatura nacional e internacional, disponíveis na fonte de dados no Portal de Periódicos da CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior). Utilizou como critérios de elegibilidade, termos em português e inglês, agressor sexual, abusador sexual, perpetrador sexual, estuprador sexual, molestador sexual. Em um total 1122 artigos, foram selecionados 58 para revisão e, neles, 13 instrumentos de avaliação cognitiva: verificação do coeficiente de inteligência (1), avaliação de empatia (2), e distorção cognitiva (10). Entre as propriedades psicométricas relatadas, seis dos instrumentos encontrados exibiram alto o índice de confiabilidade. Quando comparados os instrumentos de inteligência, empatia e distorção cognitiva, percebe-se que os resultados apontam para medidas de alta de confiabilidade e completeza entre esses últimos. A literatura internacional sobre o tema vem ganhando visibilidade no meio científico, contudo ainda são escassos os métodos e instrumentos de pesquisa voltados à avaliação cognitiva dessa população no Brasil.

The objective of this review was to identify and describe the psychometric measures of cognitive evaluation instruments of authors of sexual aggression against children and adolescents, scientifically validated, found in studies that investigated intelligence, empathy and cognitive distortion, in the national and international literature, available in the source of data in the Portal de Periódicos da CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior). As criteria of eligibility, terms in Portuguese and English, sexual aggressor, sexual abuser, sexual perpetrator, sexual rapist, sexual molester, were used. In a total of 1122 articles, 58 were selected for review and in them 13 cognitive evaluation instruments: intelligence quotient checking(1), empathy evaluation (2), and cognitive distortion (10). Among the psychometric properties reported, six of the instruments found exhibited a high reliability index. When comparing the instruments of intelligence, empathy and cognitive distortion, it is noticed that the results point to measures of high reliability and completeness between the latter. The international literature on the subject has been gaining visibility in the scientific field; however, there are still few methods and research instruments aimed at the cognitive evaluation of this population in Brazil.

El objetivo de esta revisión fue identificar y describir las medidas psicométricas de instrumentos de evaluación cognitiva de autores de agresión sexual contra niños y adolescentes, científicamente validados, encontrados en estudios que investigan inteligencia, empatía y distorsión cognitiva, en la literatura nacional e internacional, disponible en la fuente de datos en el Portal de Periódicos de la CAPES (Coordinación de Perfeccionamiento Personal de Nivel Superior). Fueron utilizados como criterio de elegibilidad términos en portugués e inglés, agresor sexual, acosador sexual, perpetrador sexual, estuprador sexual, molestador sexual. En un total de 1122 artículos, fueron seleccionados para la revisión 58 y, en estos, 13 instrumentos de evaluación cognitiva: verificación del coeficiente de inteligencia (1), evaluación de empatía (2), y distorsión cognitiva (10). Entre las propiedades psicométricas informadas, seis de los instrumentos encontrados mostraron alto índice de fiabilidad. Cuando comparados los instrumentos de inteligencia, empatía y distorsión cognitiva, se percibe que los resultados indican medidas de alta fiabilidad e integridad entre estos últimos. La literatura internacional sobre el tema está ganando espacio en el medio científico, sin embargo los métodos e instrumentos de investigación relacionados a la evaluación cognitiva de esa populación en Brasil todavía es insuficiente.

L'objectif de cette analyse a été identifier et de décrire les mesures psychométriques d'outils d'évaluation cognitive pour les auteurs d'agressions sexuelles contre les enfants et les adolescents, scientifiquement validés, trouvés dans les études qui ont étudié l'intelligence, l'empathie et distorsions cognitives, chez la littérature nationale et internationale, disponible dans la base de données du portail des revues CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior). On a utilisé comme critères d'éligibilité, termes en Portugais et Anglais, agresseur sexuel, détracteur sexuel, perpétreur sexuel, violeur. Sur un total de 1122 articles, 58 ont été sélectionnés pour être révisé, parmi eux, 13 instruments d'évaluation cognitive: le quotient intellectuel (1), l'évaluation de l'empathie (2) et la distorsion cognitive (10). Parmi les propriétés psychométriques rapportées, six instruments trouvés on présenté un indice de fiabilité élevé. Lorsqu'on compare les instruments d'intelligence, d'empathie et de distorsion cognitive, on trouve des résultats qui indiquent des mesures de grande fiabilité et de complétude entre ces derniers. La littérature internationale sur le sujet gagne visibilité dans le domaine scientifique. Cependant, il existe encore peu de méthodes et d'instruments de recherche ciblés sur l'évaluation cognitive de cette population au Brésil.

Gastrointestinal metastasis from primary lung cancer. Case series and systematic literature review. / Metástasis gastrointestinales de carcinoma pulmonar primario. Serie de casos y revisión sistemática de la literatura.

Aim of the present study is to report clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients treated in authors' hospital for GI metastasis from primary lung cancer, and to report and analyse the same data concerning patients retrieved from a systematic literature review. We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data, and a systematic review using the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. Ninety-one patients were included, 5 patients from the authors' hospital and 86 through PubMed database using the keywords "intestinal metastasis" AND "lung cancer". The median time between primary lung cancer diagnosis and GI metastasis diagnosis was 2 months and the median overall survival was 4 months. This group of patients present a poor prognosis and the gold standard treatment is not defined. None of the reported treatments had a significant impact on survival.

Vídeo-games violentos e a violência/agressividade do jogador: uma revisão sistemática de literatura1 / Violent videogames and violence/aggression player: a systematic literature review / Los videojuegos violentos y la violencia/agresividad del jugador: una revisión sistemática de literatura

Estudos são desenvolvidos na tentativa de evidenciar a relação existente entre as práticas de utilização de jogos eletrônicos violentos e a agressividade/ violência do jogador. Os vídeo-games evoluíram muito durante os últimos anos, aproximando-se cada vez mais da realidade e houve também um aumento no número de jogadores de vídeo-games violentos. O presente estudo realizou uma revisão sistemática de literatura, entre os anos de 2008 e 2013, procurando evidenciar os estudos sobre vídeo-games violentos e sua relação com a agressividade/violência. Foram selecionados 45 artigos para leitura completa e os resultados obtidos mostraram os autores que mais publicaram dentro da temática, os anos com mais publicações, os resultados mais encontrados, as críticas a esses trabalhos, as variáveis relacionadas aos estudos e outros dados relevantes sobre essas publicações. Dos 45 artigos encontrados, 37 apoiam o viés de que existe uma relação entre jogos violentos e a agressividade/violência do jogador.

Studies are developed in order to show the relationship between the practice of using violent videogames and the player’s aggressiveness/violence. Videogames have evolved a lot over the last years and they are getting closer to the reality and the amounts of players who play these violent games have also increased. This study held an systematic literature review between the years 2008 and 2013, seeking to highlight the studies about violent videogames and their relationship with aggressiveness/violence. 45 articles have been selected for full reading and the results showed the most authors who have published in area, the years with more publication, the most found results, the criticism to these works , the variables related to the study and other relevant data on these publications . Of the 45 found articles, 37 support the bias that there is a relationship between violent games and the player’s aggressiveness/violence.

Estudios son desarrollados en la tentativa de evidenciar la relación existente entre las practicas de utilización de juegos electrónicos violentos y la agresividad/violencia del jugador. Los videojuegos evolucionaron mucho durante los últimos años, aproximándose cada vez más a la realidad y hubo un aumento en el número de jugadores de videogamevideojuegos violentos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura, entre los años 2008 y 2013, procurando evidenciar los estudios sobre videojuegos violentos y su relación con la agresividad/violencia. Fueron seleccionados 45 artículos para lectura completa y los resultados mostraron los autores que más han publicado dentro de la temática, los años con más publicaciones, los resultados más encontrados, las críticas a esos trabajos, las variables relacionadas a los estudios y otros datos relevantes sobre esas publicaciones. De los 45 artículos, 37 apoyan el sesgo de que existe una relación entre juegos violentos y la agresividad/violencia del jugador.

Achenbach's syndrome: Case report and systematic review of the literature / Síndrome de Achenbach: presentación de un caso y revisión sistemática de la literatura

Abstract Introduction: Achenbach's syndrome is a vascular disorder of the hands and feet. It is of unknown etiology and has a benign course. Because of its low prevalence, available literature is limited, and most publications are case reports. No Latin-American publications were found on the subject. The case of a 58 year-old man is presented, along with a systematic review of the literature to describe its clinical characteristics. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Lilacs using free terms and controlled vocabulary (MeSH, Emtree, and DeCS). Results: An analysis was made on a total of 23 articles, 19 of which were case reports, with a total of 46 patients, 43 women and 3 men, from 7 countries. The disorder occurs most often in women over 50 years, and is manifested by the sudden appearance of a blue coloration of the palmar surface of the fingers. It is less common in the feet. Conclusions: Achenbach's syndrome is benign, and does not require medical intervention. Diagnostic methods are of little use. Therefore, identification is important to avoid unnecessary procedures.

Resumen Introducción: El síndrome de Achenbach es un trastorno vascular de manos y pies, de etiología desconocida y de curso benigno. Dada su baja frecuencia de presentación, la literatura disponible es escasa; la mayoría son reportes de casos. No se encontraron publicaciones latinoamericanas sobre el tema. Aquí se presenta un caso clínico, en un hombre de 58 anos, y se hace una revisión sistemática de la literatura para describir sus características clínicas. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura en PubMed, Embase y Lilacs utilizando términos libres y vocabulario controlado (MeSH, Emtree y DeCS). Resultados: Se evaluaron 23 artículos de los cuales 19 fueron reportes de caso. Los reportes de caso muestran la historia de 46 pacientes, 43 mujeres y 3 hombres, en 7 países. El trastorno se presenta más frecuentemente en mujeres mayores de 50 anos y se manifiesta por la aparición súbita de una coloración azul de la cara palmar de los dedos y menos frecuente en los pies. Conclusiones: El síndrome de Achenbach es benigno y no requiere intervenciones médicas. Los métodos diagnósticos son de poca utilidad. Es necesario reconocerlo para evitar procedimientos innecesarios.

Produção científica sobre família e comunidade na base de dados PePSIC (2002/2012) / Scientific publications concerning family and community in the PePSIC database (2002–2012) / La literatura científica sobre la familia y la comunidad en el PePSIC database (2002/2012)

Esta revisão sistemática de literatura teve por objetivo mapear as variáveis relacionadas à produção científica sobre família e comunidade, indexada na base de dados Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia (PePSIC). A busca de informações foi realizada por meio dos vocábulos "família" e "comunidade" e contemplou artigos completos, publicados entre 2002 e 2012 (n = 44). Foi realizado tratamento quantitativo e qualitativo na amostra. No geral, os estudos foram produzidos no sudeste brasileiro, em instituições privadas de ensino superior, com relativo destaque para investigações empíricas e relatos de experiência desenvolvidos por mulheres, e na modalidade de autoria múltipla. A produção foi divulgada em periódicos nacionais, que seguem critérios editoriais reconhecidos pela comunidade acadêmica (Qualis/CAPES). Temáticas sobre infância e adolescência foram priorizadas nos trabalhos, com diversidade de enfoques teóricos da Psicologia. As intervenções psicológicas relatadas abarcaram propostas terapêuticas e não terapêuticas, individuais e grupais, e transcorreram em ambientes institucionais. Análises comparativas, com amostras obtidas em outras fontes de informação, são desejáveis e encontram-se em andamento.(AU)

This systematic literature review aimed to map the variables associated with the scientific publications about family and community indexed in the database Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia (PePSIC). The search was performed using the keywords "family" and "community" and included articles published between 2002 and 2012 (n = 44). The sample was quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. Overall, the studies were produced in southeastern Brazil, in private institutions of higher learning, with an emphasis on empirical research and experience reports developed by women with multiple authorship. The publications were published in national journals, following editorial criteria recognized by the academic community (Qualis/CAPES). Childhood and adolescence issues were prioritized, with a wide range of psychological theoretical models. The reported psychological interventions encompassed therapeutic and non-therapeutic, individuals and groups, and passed in institutional settings. Comparative analyses with samples from other sources of information are required, which are in progress.(AU)

Esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo mapear las variables relacionadas con la literatura científica sobre la familia y la comunidad, indexados en la base de datos electrónica Periódicos Electrónicos en Psicologia (PePSIC). La búsqueda de información se realizó mediante las palabras clave "familia" y "comunidad" y artículos publicados entre 2002 y 2012 (n = 44). Se realizó tratamiento cuantitativo y cualitativo en la muestra. En general, los estudios fueron realizados en el sureste de Brasil, en las instituciones privadas de educación superior, con énfasis en la investigación empírica, los informes de experiencias desarrolladas por mujeres y en la forma de la autoría múltiple. La producción fue publicada en revistas nacionales, siguiendo los criterios editoriales reconocidos por la comunidad académica (Qualis / CAPES). Se dio prioridad a los trabajos, sobre la niñez y la adolescencia,, producidos con la diversidad teórica de la Psicología. Las intervenciones psicológicas informaron propuestas enfocadas en lo terapéutico y no terapéutico, individual y en grupo, y realizadas en instituciones. El análisis comparativo con muestras de otras fuentes de información son deseables y están en curso.(AU)